CFD Pool Penetration (click > to play)

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling is used at Caldera to simulate flow patterns in a variety of equipment. CFD is used to predict flow behavior, efficiency, erosion, fluid forces, and other parameters. This information can provide insights that lead to optimized designs, better operation, and understanding of failures. Pool penetration, carryover, and erosion are three of the many areas where Caldera employs CFD.

Pool Penetration

Caldera letdown equipment discharges slurry into a flash vessel. CFD is used to predict key flash vessel performance such as jet penetration depths of the flashing slurry. There are various approaches that can be used for CFD simulations. These approaches can have a significant impact on model predictions. It is critical that the best approach be used. Caldera compares its CFD simulations to site operations to verify modeling accuracy.

Carryover

Flash vessel carryover (slurry exiting through the steam vent outlet) can be modeled using CFD. CFD can be used for both initial flash vessel design and as a troubleshooting tool. Historically, carryover has been calculated using the Souders and Brown equation. However, CFD improves on Souders and Brown as CFD can account for flash vessel disengagement height and complex flow dynamics such as slurry sloshing.

Erosion

Equipment erosion is common at sites that control abrasive slurries. CFD is used to understand and predict erosion patterns. This allows for new solutions to be developed and implemented to extend equipment life which improves site availability and safety.